<p>Makrygialos  is a coastal village and a former municipal district in Pieria regional unit, Greece. It lies 21 km away from the town of Katerini Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is a municipal community. The 2011 census recorded 1,706 people in Makrygialos. The village is a tourist resort and many of the inhabitants are Pontians.</p><br>
<p>Visiting Makrigialos The main church in the centre of the village is that of St. George. There are also three chapels, St. Paraskevi, St. John and St. Dimitrios. In the second half of June the Makrigialos Mussel Festival takes place and residents and visitors can drink wine and sample the locally farmed mussels.The local football team, Lightning Makrigialos,was founded in 1940</p><br>
<p>The Tolovana Roadhouse is a historic roadhouse in the Yukon-Koyukuk borough of Alaska. It is located near the confluence of the Tanana and Tolovana Rivers near Nenana, Alaska. Four buildings survive from what was once a more extensive complex of buildings. The extant roadhouse was built in 1924, after both a 1901 roadhouse and 1921 trading post were destroyed by fire. The other three buildings that were in good condition in 1988 included a storage building, outhouse, and power plant; seven other structures were then deemed to be in a state of collapse, while three other documented buildings had been washed away by the erosive force of the Tanana River.</p><br>
<p>The roadhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Newport Historic District is a national historic district located at Newport, Giles County, Virginia. It encompasses 50 contributing buildings and 3 contributing sites in the rural village of Newport. The district includes primarily freestanding single-family dwellings or store buildings of one or two stories, featuring wood frame construction, wood siding or ornamental metal sheathing, front porches, and associated outbuildings. Notable buildings include the Epling-Dunkley-Smith House , Keister-Miller House , Robert Payne House , Payne-Price House, the Miller Building , the Pent Taylor Store , the Miller Brothers General Mercantile Store , F.E. Dunkley Store , Pasterfield House , Dr. Walter Miller House , Albert Price House , Methodist Parsonage , Newport Methodist Church , and Sinking Creek Valley Bank .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is included in the Greater Newport Rural Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Greater Newport Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Newport, Giles County, Virginia. It encompasses a total of 737 contributing buildings and 25 contributing structures in the rural area near the village of Newport. It encompasses the previously listed Newport Historic District. The district includes primarily 19th- and early-20th-century farmsteads and complexes. Notable buildings include the "Camper" Cabin , Albert Meredith Cabin , E. L. Lucas House , Moses Atkins House , William Lafon House , Doak Lucas House , Leonard Kessinger House , Martin Farrier House , Steve and Lori Taylor House , Upper Spruce Run School , Clover Hollow Christian Church , Sherry Memorial Church, Old Cook Mill , three standing diminutive Burr covered bridges, a smelting furnace , the Mountain Lake Hotel Resort, and the Biological Station of the University of Virginia .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Jabal al Akrad  literally the Mountain of the Kurds is a rural mountainous region with an elevation that ranges from 400 to 1,000 meters above sea level, in northwestern Syria along the Coastal Mountain Range. It is located in the northeastern Latakia Governorate, near the borders with Idlib Governorate and Turkey. The Mountain of the Kurds should not be confused with the neighboring Kurd Mountains , which are located further northeast.</p><br>
<p>Its major towns are Salma and Kinsabba. It includes about 60 villages with a population of about 150,000. The inhabitants of the area are of Kurdish descent who in recent years have shifted to speaking the Arabic language and belong primarily to the following four tribes: Mushan in Salma, Duwarin, Tartiah; &#39;Ujan in Kinsabba, Nahsheba, Ard al-Wati; Kikhia in Majdal Kikhia, Tauma, Beroma, Duwairka, and Shekhan in Wadi al-Shekhan, Qasatil and al-Ido. Each tribe in turn is divided to several clans. The inhabitants of Jabal al-Akrad are predominantly Sunni Muslims, in contrast with the inhabitants of the greater Latakia District who are 80% Alawites.</p><br>
<p>Jabal al-Akrad is rich in forests and natural resources. As a result of the Syrian civil war the region has seen numerous military clashes between the armed opposition groups and the Syrian army.</p><br>
<p>Temescal Mountains, formerly the Sierra Temescal, are one of the northernmost mountain ranges of the Peninsular Ranges in western Riverside County, in Southern California in the United States. They extend for approximately 25 mi  southeast of the Santa Ana River east of the Elsinore Fault Zone to the Temecula Basin and form the western edge of the Perris Block.</p><br>
<p>The Santa Ana Mountains lie to the west, the Elsinore Mountains to the south and the Perris Valley and Lakeview Mountains to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Temescal Mountains were originally named by the Spanish, Sierra Temescal, (perhaps from the nearby Rancho Temescal), a name which appears on the Rail Road Route survey map made by the U. S. Army Pacific Railroad Surveys in 1854-55. The Temescal Mountains are one of the northernmost of Peninsular Ranges of California, running from the south side of the Santa Anna River, southeast nearly parallel with the Santa Ana Mountains, from which it is separated by the Temescal Valley and Elsinore Valley sections of the Elsinore Trough. The Temescal Mountains were originally considered to be bounded on the south by the San Jacinto River, by J. D. Whitney in his 1865 Geological Survey of California. A later study by Rene Engel, considers the Sedco Hills and the other mountains that extend to the southeast of the San Jacinto River east of Lake Elsinore and north of the Temecula Basin, in Murrieta to be part of the same range forming the natural continuation of the mountains. The Murrieta Hogbacks are the southeastern-most heights of the range, overlooking the Warm Springs Creek Canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>As part of the Perris Block, the Temescal Mountains are part of its eroded mass of Cretaceous and older granitic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith and metasedimentary basement rocks. Most of this basement rock that once overlay the granitic plutons that rose up into it, has been eroded away, the remainder being found between the similarly eroded plutons of granitic rock.</p><br>
<h2>Natural resources</h2><br>
<p>Flora</p><br>
<p>As part of the California Floristic Province, the Temescal Mountains host a diverse array of plant species within distinctive natural (plant) communities, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, riparian woodland, southern oak woodland, rocky outcrop and valley grassland. Rare flowers like the intermediate mariposa lily, grow there. Fragrant sages, evergreen shrubs and trees, perennial bunchgrasses, Dudleya species of succulents, fire-following flowers and other wildflowers adorn the terrain.</p><br>
<p>Fauna</p><br>
<p>Wildlife species found, include mountain lion, mule deer, bobcat, coyote, raccoon, gray fox, American badger, spotted skunk, kangaroo rat, bats, ravens, red tailed hawk, mountain quail, canyon wren, speckled rattlesnake, Pacific rattlesnake, common kingsnake, gopher snake, two-striped garter snake, rosy boa, San Diego night snake, granite spiny lizard, arroyo toad, western spadefoot toad, various Aphonopelma species of tarantula, Quino checkerspot butterfly and many more. Gray wolf, pronghorn, and California condor were also once found in the range.</p><br>
<p>Commercial uses</p><br>
<p>A number of mineral resources have been mined in the range. Commercial resources collected since the 1840s have included the metals tin and gold, and the non-metals clay, coal, and granite. Parts of the range have been used to graze domestic livestock from the early 19th century. The little water found in the range has become a particularly valued resource.</p><br>
<h2>Geographic features</h2><br>
<p>Geographic features, northwest to southeast, include:</p><br>
<p>Beacon Hill</p><br>
<p>Lake Norconian</p><br>
<p>La Sierra Heights or Norco Hills</p><br>
<p>Hole Benchmark</p><br>
<p>Linn Benchmark</p><br>
<p>Rattlesnake Peak (Riverside County, California)</p><br>
<p>La Sierra Summit</p><br>
<p>Grape Benchmark</p><br>
<p>Riverside Valley</p><br>
<p>Pedley Hills</p><br>
<p>Lake Evans reservoir</p><br>
<p>* Spring Brook</p><br>
<p>North Hill</p><br>
<p>Mount Rubidoux</p><br>
<p>Tequesquito Arroyo</p><br>
<p>* Box Springs Canyon</p><br>
<p>* Sycamore Canyon</p><br>
<p>Pachappa Hill</p><br>
<p>Victoria Hill</p><br>
<p>Alessandro Arroyo</p><br>
<p>Quarry Hill</p><br>
<p>Prenda Arroyo</p><br>
<p>Woodcrest Arroyo</p><br>
<p>Mockingbird Canyon</p><br>
<p>Arlington Mountain</p><br>
<p>Eagle Valley</p><br>
<p>Three Sisters</p><br>
<p>Cajalco Canyon Creek</p><br>
<p>Cajalco Canyon</p><br>
<p>Lake Mathews</p><br>
<p>Cajalco Valley</p><br>
<p>Harford Spring Canyon</p><br>
<p>Mead Valley</p><br>
<p>Olsen Canyon</p><br>
<p>Black Rocks</p><br>
<p>Monument Peak</p><br>
<p>Gavilan Peak</p><br>
<p>Gavilan Plateau</p><br>
<p>Gavilan Hills</p><br>
<p>Summit 2557</p><br>
<p>Santa Rosa Mine Ridge</p><br>
<p>Steele Peak</p><br>
<p>Steele Valley</p><br>
<p>Dawson Canyon</p><br>
<p>Estelle Mountain 2,767 feet</p><br>
<p>Summit 2729</p><br>
<p>Summit 2615</p><br>
<p>Summit 2625</p><br>
<p>Ceramic Factory Canyon</p><br>
<p>Alberhill Canyon</p><br>
<p>Gavilan Wash</p><br>
<p>Walker Canyon</p><br>
<p>Alberhill Summit</p><br>
<p>Clevelin Hills</p><br>
<p>Warm Springs Valley</p><br>
<p>Stovepipe Canyon</p><br>
<p>Arroyo del Toro</p><br>
<p>Rosetta Canyon</p><br>
<p>Wasson Canyon</p><br>
<p>Railroad Canyon</p><br>
<p>Canyon Lake reservoir</p><br>
<p>City of Canyon Lake</p><br>
<p>Quail Valley</p><br>
<p>Gripp Hill</p><br>
<p>Cottonwood Canyon</p><br>
<p>Sedco Hills</p><br>
<p>Guadalupe Hill</p><br>
<p>Wildomar Peak</p><br>
<p>Bundy Canyon</p><br>
<p>Iodine Spring Summit</p><br>
<p>Iodine Spring</p><br>
<p>Adelaide Peak</p><br>
<p>Murrieta Hogbacks</p><br>
<p>Lake Smart is a round natural freshwater lake, with a semicircular cove on its northwest side, on the northeast side of Winter Haven, Florida. Lake Smart has a water area of 277 acre. This lake is mostly surrounded by woods and citrus groves. On its north and west sides it is bordered by residential developments. On the northwest Florida State Route 544 runs along Lake Smart&#39;s cove.</p><br>
<p>This lake has no public swimming areas or public boat ramps. However, a canal in the cove goes to Lake Conine to the west. Another canal, some of the time unusable because of its shallowness, is on the east side and connects to Lake Fannie. Lake Smart is on the northern chain of lakes connected by canals in the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. In addition, the public may reach the shore of Lake Smart along Route 544, so this lake can be fished and boated by the public. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Smart contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>The Tokai Maru was a Japanese passenger-cargo ship built by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard that was sunk in Apra Harbor, Guam, in 1943, during World War II. It had served as a fast ship service between New York City and Japan for Osaka Shosen Co. before World War II; during the war it was used as a military transport ship for the Imperial Japanese Navy.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1929; the ship was launched on May 16, 1930; construction was completed on August 14, 1930. The ship went under contract to the Japanese Navy at Kure on October 17, 1941. In Apra Harbor, USA submarine USS Flying Fish damaged the Tokai Maru but did not sink it on January 24, 1943. The Tokai Maru was sunk by the USS Snapper later, on August 27, 1943.</p><br>
<p>The Tokai Maru shipwreck, 120 ft under water, is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places, as is the shipwreck of SMS Cormoran II, a World War I ship against which the Tokai Maru leans. It is one of the few places where divers can explore a World War I shipwreck next to a ship from World War II.</p><br>
<p>In 1988 the wreck was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Tokai Maru was listed because of its association with World War II.</p><br>
<p>Lake Vrutci  is an artificial lake in western Serbia, in the municipality of Užice. The lake was created in 1983 by damming the Đetinja River, near the village of Vrutci. It was created with the purpose of supplying water to the city of Užice. It is narrow, around 7 km long, and lies at an altitude of about 700 m.</p><br>
<p>In December 2013, a toxic cyanobacterial bloom caused by Planktothrix rubescens was observed in the lake, whose water was immediately banned for human consumption, and soon after for bathing and fishing. The city was left without water supplies for several days, when an emergency link was built to an alternative source, Sušičko vrelo reservoir. A long-term treatment for revival of the lake started, but the toxic algae are still present in the water.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish Dikes, located northeast of Agana Springs, Hagåtña, Guam, are historic 19th-century water control structures that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>There are two sections of dikes in a swampy region outside Hagåtña. Both sections are constructed of mortared limestone, with buttresses for support, and openings at the top that act as sluiceways where water flow could be controlled. One section is about 70 m long, varying in thickness from 0.3 to 1 m, while the other is 22.5 m long. The construction dates of these dikes is unknown, but similar structures were likely to exist in the area in the 1830s, and in the 1870s the area was being used for cultivation of rice by Filipino penal labor in an effort to solve the island&#39;s long-standing issues with insufficient food production.</p><br>
<p>Burgh Westra is a historic home located near Gloucester, Gloucester County, Virginia. Built between 1842-1851 on 3,500 acres, the estates original design is a two and a half story brick dwelling in the Gothic Revival style. In addition to the main house, the property contains an original dairy, a rebuilt carriage house, guest cottage, gazebo built upon original sketches of Dr Taliaferro, north and south gardens modeled on the original house designs, and a kitchen vegetable garden. Additional dependency foundations of the kitchen, smoke, and ice houses on the property are currently under consideration for reconstruction. Still noticeable in the spring are native daffodils planted around the entrances to originally wooden servant houses on either side of the lane. Aspects of the original fruit and nut orchards are located next to the estate and near the remains of a barn burned by raiding union troops during the Civil War. The extended property contains the original farm managers house and working and fallow fields along the estates nearly 2-mile long lane. Burgh Westras floor plan is Design III in Cottage Residences, by Andrew Jackson Downing. The name "Burgh Westra" comes from the Scottish phrase for "Village of the West", symbolizing the cottages location on the North River, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Burgh Westras builder was Warner Throckmorton Taliaferro of Belleville Plantation on the North River for his son, Dr. Philip Taliaferro. Dr. Taliaferro discussed potential designs and a desire to build the estate on the eventual land tract while studying medicine in Scotland under William Wilde, father of Oscar Wilde, at the University of Edinburgh. During the Civil War, Dr. Taliaferro, the nephew of Confederate Secretary of War James Seddon, accompanied his step-brother, William B. Taliaferro, a general in the Confederate army, to serve with General Stonewall Jackson (1824–1863) in the Shenandoah Valley as an aide-de-camp. William B. Taliaferro commanded Jacksons division at Cedar Mountain, Second Manassas and Fredericksburg. He commanded Fort Wagner, SC (famous for the movie Glory ), served on James Island, SC, and in Florida and Georgia (as head of the Confederate army in Savannah). Upon returning to Burgh Westra during the war, Dr. Taliaferro opened up his estate as a hospital for wounded soldiers of both sides. The estates lawns were the site of occasional Union troop encampments during the war. At least two unidentified confederate soldiers who died at Burgh Westra are buried at nearby Ware Episcopal Church which union troops used as a stable during the war. Remains of soldiers have on occasion been found near the shoreline as recently as the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The home continues to be owned by the original family, and is suspected to be the oldest continual ownership of a house in Gloucester County, Virginia. The family has owned this and other land tracts and estates on the North River dating back to the early 1600s. Burgh Westra was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Little England is a historic plantation house located near Gloucester, Gloucester County, Virginia. The plantation dates to a 1651 land grant to the Perrin family by Governor William Berkeley. Capt. John Perrin built the house on a point of land overlooking the York River directly across from Yorktown in 1716 with plans reputed to have been drawn by Christopher Wren. The house was used as a lookout for ships during the Battle of Yorktown. It is a 2 1/2-story, five bay, gable roofed brick dwelling in the Georgian style. A 1 1/2-story frame wing was added in 1954. It has a single pile plan and two interior end chimneys. The brickwork is Flemish Bond with few glazed headers. Little England is one of Virginia&#39;s least altered and best preserved colonial plantation homes. The interior features some of the finest colonial paneling in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The house was restored in 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Muhlenberg County Courthouse, located in Courthouse Square in Greenville, is the center of government of Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Built in 1907, the courthouse was Muhlenberg Countys third permanent courthouse since the countys creation in 1798. Louisville-based architects Kenneth McDonald, Sr., and William J. Dodd - among the most prominent architects in the region at the turn of the 20th century - designed the courthouse. The interior floor plan is symmetrical.</p><br>
<p>The contract for the courthouse&#39;s construction was awarded to Bailey and Koerner, and the building was finished in 1907. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978. The courthouse now represents the first of ten stops on the Battle of Sacramento Civil War Driving Tour.</p><br>
<p>Suicide Cliff is a cliff above Marpi Point Field near the northern tip of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, which achieved historic significance late in World War II.</p><br>
<p>Also known as Laderan Banadero, it is a location where thousands of Japanese civilians and soldiers committed suicide by jumping to their deaths in 1944 in order to avoid capture by the United States, as Japanese propaganda emphasized brutal treatment of Japanese such as American mutilation of Japanese war dead.</p><br>
<p>Many Japanese feared the American devils raping and devouring Japanese women and children. The precise number of suicides there is not known, but has been estimated at around 8,000 deaths. A contemporary correspondent, praising their actions as the finest act of the Shōwa period, described them as the pride of Japanese women.</p><br>
<p>By 1976, a park and peace memorial was in place and the location had become a pilgrimage destination, particularly for visitors from Japan. In that year, 9 acre of the site were listed on the US National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The cliff is, along with the airfield and Banzai Cliff, a coastal cliff where suicides also took place, part of the National Historic Landmark District Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island, designated in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Banzai Cliff overlooks the Pacific Ocean and is a historic site at the northern tip of Saipan island in the Northern Mariana Islands. Towards the end of the Battle of Saipan in 1944, hundreds of Japanese civilians and soldiers jumped off the cliff to their deaths in the ocean and rocks below, to avoid being captured by the Americans. Not far away, a high cliff named Suicide Cliff overlooks the coastal plain, and was another site of numerous suicides. At Banzai Cliff, some who jumped did not die and were rescued by American ships.</p><br>
<p>A 7.5 acre area at the site was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The site is also a contributing site in the Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island historic district, which was recognized in 1985 as a USA National Historic Landmark District.</p><br>
<p>The Old Ipswich Courthouse is a heritage-listed former courthouse located at 73-75 East Street, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Tiffin and built from 1859 to 1936. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Ipswich Courthouse is a sandstone and brick single-storey building, the original section of which was completed in 1859 to a design by Charles Tiffin. The courthouse was the earliest major Queensland work of Tiffin, who was Clerk of Works for Moreton Bay, and became the first Queensland Colonial Architect. In the early years of Ipswich, the building was used for public meetings as well as a courthouse. The original building consisted of the central sandstone courtroom with a vestibule at the front, flanked by two brick wings. The building was too small for its task by 1904. In 1936, a major extension in rendered brickwork was made to the west, adding a new court room and ancillary rooms with the entry off Ginn St. With this addition, the building was able to continue its function until a new courthouse was built on a different site in 1982. The Queensland Government carried out conservation work in the 1970s and 1980s. After the building ceased being used as a courthouse, the bench was moved to the original court room and the building became a community cultural centre.</p><br>
<p>It is a rare example of a government building constructed in Queensland prior to separation from New South Wales. At the time of separation, the debt on the building was inherited by the Queensland Government which led to an ongoing dispute with the New South Wales Government.</p><br>
<p>There have been two subsequent Ipswich Courthouses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Ipswich Courthouse is a single-storey sandstone and brick Romanesque building. The interior of the original courtroom (Court Room 1) is divided internally into four bays. The early bench is at the western end of the courtroom. The side wings of the 1859 section are of facebrick and are each divided into three separate rooms. The 1936 section is to the west of the original sandstone section. This section is in brick with ruled joint render, and includes a large room (Court Room 2) and several smaller rooms. Court Room 2 is also divided into four main bays. The western facade is of simple Revival Classic design. The building is surrounded on three sides by a rendered brick fence with rendered brick piers and pipe and chainwire infill.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Old Ipswich Courthouse was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The size and quality of the building demonstrate the importance of Ipswich as a major centre at this time.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1859, the courthouse is a rare example of a government building constructed in Queensland prior to Separation.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It still contains early bench and court fittings and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>An unusual Romanesque building of sandstone and brick, it exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community and is a landmark on a major intersection. It contributes to a precinct of historic buildings on the edge of the Ipswich CBD.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It is closely associated with the Ipswich community as the main courthouse for the district from 1859 to 1982, and also as a venue for early public meetings.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is the earliest major Queensland work of architect Charles Tiffin, at that time Clerk of Works for Moreton Bay and later the first Queensland Colonial Architect.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese Hospital or Saipan Byoin is a historic World War II-era hospital complex on Route 3 in Garapan, a village on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. The three concrete buildings are the largest Japanese-built structures to survive the war. The main hospital building is an L-shaped structure with a domed entrance at the crook of the L. A second, smaller building housed the pharmacy, while the third is an underground circular chamber of unknown purpose. All were in deteriorating condition when surveyed in the early 1970s. The complex has since undergone restoration, and the main hospital building now houses the Northern Mariana Islands Museum.</p><br>
<p>The hospital was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Kef Toghobeit is a karst cave near the settlement of Bab Taza in Chefchaouen Province, Tangier-Tétouan, in northern Morocco. Currently known to be 3,918 m long and 722 m deep, it is the deepest cave in Morocco, and possibly the deepest cave in Africa.</p><br>
<p>Although Kef Toghobeit has been well-explored, its full extent is not yet known. Indeed, the karst topography of the Rif mountain range where the cave begins has barely been mapped - just 1000 caves are known in Morocco, and the geology would suggest that more than this exist.</p><br>
<h2>Topography and formation</h2><br>
<p>Kef Toghobeit is just one of over a thousand caves in a 30,000 square kilometre area of Karst formation in Morocco. The cave formed in the Rif mountain range, which is primarily formed of relatively soft minerals such as dolostone and limestone. Winter snowfall and rainfall add up to an annual precipitation rate of 600 to 1000 mm. The heavy precipitation quickly erodes the soft minerals, creating deep caves where the water wore away at the stone.</p><br>
<p>The interior of Kef Toghobeit is covered in loose boulders and rubble.</p><br>
<p>The Guam Institute, located off in Guam Highway 1 in Hagåtña , Guam, was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1977; the listing included one contributing building. It was built in 1911. It has also been known as the Jose P. Lujan House.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as one of few houses in Agana surviving from before World War II. It was built by carpenter and cabinet-maker Jose Pangelinan Lujan, who rented the house and later lived in it, until moving out of the house in 1928. Lujan owned the house until 1969.</p><br>
<p>The house was the location of the Guam Institute, "the only successful private school of the pre-war period" in Guam, from 1928 until the institute was closed in December, 1941, with the Japanese invasion.</p><br>
<p>The house was damaged by Typhoon Pamela in 1976; photos in 1977 showed it in poor condition.</p><br>
<p>However, supported by the NRHP listing, the owner obtained Federal matching grant funds to support rehabilitation of the building during 1980-1982. Work done used "design, materials (ifil wood), and workmanship to maintain the original character of the building."</p><br>
<p>It is one of five pre-World War II houses that make up the NRHP-listed Agana Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Currock Hill is a hill in Tyne and Wear, England, which at 259 m  is the highest point in the county, and in the metropolitan borough of Gateshead.</p><br>
<p>The name ‘currock’ comes from the Celtic word for a cairn or a stack of stones, a development of the word for a rock, carroc, and is still widely used in the North East.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is situated between the villages of Chopwell and Hedley on the Hill, on the border with Northumberland to the west of Newcastle upon Tyne. The hill forms part of the watershed divide between the catchments of the River Tyne to the north and the Derwent to the south.</p><br>
<p>The panorama from the hill is considered to have "commanding views towards the Pennines and Tyne Valley to the West, the Cheviot Hills to the North with Tyneside and North Sea Coast to the East."</p><br>
<h2>Flying</h2><br>
<p>There has been a long association with flying on Currock Hill: during the First World War an area on the southern flank of the hill was designated as a relief airfield or landing ground for No.36 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, which was based at Cramlington. It was a Home Defence squadron, and patrolled the coastal area around Newcastle to prevent attacks by German Zeppelins.</p><br>
<p>More recently, the northern part of the hill has been used as the location for the Northumbria Gliding Club. The club has a variety of aircraft including three dual seat gliders, a single seat Astir CS77 and a Piper Pawnee tug aeroplane, all of which use the grass runway at the site.</p><br>
<p>Hockley, also known as Erin and Cowslip Green, is a historic estate located near Gloucester, Gloucester County, Virginia. The core of the main house was built about 1840, then added to in 1857, and modified to its present form in 1901 and 1906. It is a 2 1/2-story, five bay, frame dwelling on a brick foundation. The front facade features two flanking two-story, 12 feet in diameter, octagonal towers, each with original copper finials at the peak. The 60 feet by 32 feet sized main structure has a 24 feet by 18 feet kitchen wing and attached garage. The property includes a contributing archaeological site, barn, two chicken sheds, garage, pump house, well, ice house. It was the home of Fannie Johnson Taliaferro, an early proponent of historic preservation and pioneering member of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Guimaras Strait is a body of water in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines, connecting the Visayan Sea with the Panay Gulf and Sulu Sea beyond. To the north and west are Panay and Guimaras Islands, while Negros Island is to the south and east. Bacolod City is a major seaport on the strait, which also provides access to the Port of Iloilo City via the Iloilo Strait.</p><br>
<p>The Guimaras Strait is an important fishing ground in the Philippines, having an average of annual fish production of 50,000 metric tons. The northern part is particularly known for blue crab, a top export commodity. Other species present in the strait include barracuda, cavalla, clams, cockles, crevalle, dolphin, flounders, flying fish, fusilies, glassfish, goatfish, goby, grouper, jacks, jelly fish, lizard fish, marine turtle, milkffish, mojarra, moonfish, moray, mullets, mussels, scallops, oysters, perchlet, scads, sea bass, sea catfish, sea cucumber, sea perches, sea urchins, seaweeds, shads, sickle fish, siganids, sillago, slipmouth, snappers, spade fish, sponges, surgeon fish, threadfin, and wrasses.</p><br>
<p>The Guimaras oil spill, that occurred in the Panay Gulf on August 11, 2006, has severely affected the fishing industry. During this spill, considered Philippines&#39; worst, the oil tanker M/T Solar 1 sank during a violent storm, spilling some 500,000 l of oil which formed an oil slick that drifted through the strait. This spill followed another one in December 2005, when a passenger ship ran aground in the strait. It spilled 360,000 l of fuel oil, polluting some 40 km of coastline and 230 hectare of virgin mangrove forests.</p><br>
<p>Besides these oil spills, the ecosystems of the Guimaras Strait also suffer from rapid coastal development and overfishing. Increased urban populations and transportation are causing anthropogenic pressures, while gillnet fishing has exceeded the maximum sustainable yield since 1999.</p><br>
<p>Plumbangan is a candi that actually is a paduraksa-style gate with cube-shaped peak. The gate is located at Plumbangan village, Doko subdistrict, Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia.</p><br>
<p>The gate was made of andesite stone, with a length of 4.09 m, width 2.27 m and height 5.6 m. The gate has a wing on either side and has no relief, but only a seam line.</p><br>
<p>The surviving structure is not a temple, it is a gate and was part of a larger complex or a compound. However, the surrounding walls and other structures did not survive. A similar site, the Bajang Ratu gate in Trowulan is also a surviving single gate. It is not clear weather the compound was a religious or secular in nature.</p><br>
<p>At the top of the doorway are carved figures in 1312 Saka (1390 CE), and estimated to be built during the reign of King Wikramawardhana of Majapahit. In general, the structure is still fairly well preserved.</p><br>
<p>The Central House, also known as Erickson & Stade&#39;s, at Mile 128 on the Steese Highway in Central, Alaska, was a log structure built in 1926 by Riley Erickson and John Stade, replacing an 1894 log and sod structure that was burned in a 1925 fire. It served as a roadhouse restaurant and hotel, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Located on Crooked Creek, it was deemed significant for its historical role as a central focus for miners of other creeks that were Birch Creek tributaries and for serving travelers.</p><br>
<p>The building was about 52 x in dimension, and the main logs are spruce joined by saddle corners. The roof was dirt-insulated and covered with galvanized metal roofing. In 1978, the lower three courses of logs of the walls were pretty well rotted, due to frequent creek flooding, and the building was decaying rapidly. The building has eventually collapsed and its remains are still visible along Steese Highway, shortly east of Crooked Creek bridge.</p><br>
<p>It was reached by a wagon road of the Alaska Road Commission in 1908. It was closed as a business in 1948 or 1949. In 1977, the Circle District Historical Society had plans to it and to use it as an historic museum and library, as well as a meeting place and community center.</p><br>
<p>Its preservation was hoped to remind locals, who had known miners 50 years before, "of the spirit, fortitude, and hope of an earlier time."</p><br>
<p>The Sourdough Inn, at First and Sled Streets in Fort Yukon, Alaska, was built in 1926, by moving a disused Army building from Fort Egbert near Eagle, Alaska. It was then modified and opened as a hotel. It has also been known as the New Sourdough Hotel and has served as a restaurant and as a hotel and as a post office and, briefly in the 1940s, as a school.</p><br>
<p>It was a three-story gable-roofed building approximately 24 x in size, plus a two-story later addition to the back.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. As of the NRHP listing, it was the only frame building and the only hotel in the community of Fort Yukon.</p><br>
<p>The building is not standing anymore at its original location. It was located in an area subjected to heavy floods and it is unclear whether it has been destroyed or relocated elsewhere in Fort Yukon.</p><br>
<p>The George Short House is a historic house located at 151 N. Main St. in Greenville, Kentucky. Built in the 1840s, the house is the oldest remaining home in Greenville and one of fewer than ten in the city from before the Civil War. The Greek Revival home features a two-story porch supported by columns, a transom and sidelights alongside the front door, and brick chimneys on either end of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The houses first owner, George Washington Short, was a wealthy businessman who was involved with the local tobacco industry. Short built the house in an attempt to impress Tabitha Brank, a woman from Greenville who had rejected his marriage proposal. The house failed to change Branks mind, and Short died a bachelor. Short never lived in his new house.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1980. It is also included in the North Main Street Historic District, which is itself on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Martin House is a historic house located at 144 E. Main Cross St. in Greenville, Kentucky. The house was built in 1870 by the Brank family, whose 1840 house at the same site had burned down that year. The home initially had an Italianate design which featured decorative bracketing beneath its eaves. Tobacco merchant Rufus Martin bought the house in 1899, and he and his son remodeled it in the following decade. Martin&#39;s additions were mainly done in the Colonial Revival style and included a front porch supported by Tuscan columns. After Martin died in 1902, his son inherited the house; as of the 1980s, the home remained in his family.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Thomas House is a historic house located at 516 Broad St. in Central City, Kentucky. The house was built in 1899 as a model home for an exhibit at the St. Louis World&#39;s Fair. Robert Y. Thomas and his family purchased the home and two other model homes from the display; the three homes were moved to Central City in 1904. Thomas, who later served in the USA House of Representatives, lived in the house, which he considered the "nicest of the three", until 1917. The Dutch Colonial Revival home features a gambrel roof, a front porch supported by Tuscan columns, and a balustrade along the roof of the porch. It is the only extant Dutch Colonial Revival building in Central City.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Geister House is a historic residence in Algonquin, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Algonquin, Illinois was first settled in the Fox River Valley in 1831. By the 1880s, the town had grown enough to require a school, library, and public telephone exchange. It was shortly thereafter that a second wave of houses was built in the town. Small pioneer residences were moved and grand Victorian houses were constructed in their place. In 1892, a local carpenter by the name of Amos Wilburn began to build a Victorian house at 302 South Main Street. Christian Geister purchased the land from Ira C. Goodrich for $1,400 in 1893 while the house was being built. Gesiter owned a grist mill and served as village treasurer. He lived there until 1909, when Mrs. Emma Haeger Estergren (of the Haeger family) purchased the home. She lived on the second floor until her death in the 1970s. Estergren was active in the Women&#39;s Suffrage movement and was an activist for animal rights. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on September 25, 2007. It was the first building in Algonquin to receive this distinction.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Christian Geister House is an excellent example of Queen Anne architecture. It has a steeply-pitched cross-gabled roof with two front and two side gables (one on each side). There are also lower intersection gables on the north and west sides, plus a gabled dormer on the west side and a sloped dormer on the east side. A square turret tower is found at the northeast corner, peaking 10 ft above the roof line. The roof and turret are covered with asphalt shingles. The turret eaves are decorated with brackets on the three exposed sides. A narrower eave is found below the brackets. A bay window is under the narrow eave. Window millwork is decorated with twelve ornamental squares. A second narrow set of eaves is under the window, over a first-floor bay window, likewise decorated with millwork. The base of the turret features eight decorative roundels. The Geister House has wood clapboard siding with a limestone foundation. The remaining windows are one-over-one double sash with wood frames. All first-floor windows have decorative eaves, except for those on the west side, which are plain. The east side of the house includes a stained glass picture window, flanked with stained glass sidelights, Five decorative roundels are found under this window. There are three small windows on the third floor, two on the west and one on the east. The basement has several plain garden view windows. The house includes three porches. The west porch has concrete steps and a railing and is attached to an enclosed porch. The northern porch has two stories. The first-story porch extends 3 ft farther than the second-story porch. The eastern porch leads to the main entrance to the house.</p><br>
<p>Cheyyeru river is a river in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh that is a tributary of the Pennar river.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Cheyyeru is formed by the confluence of the rivers Bahuda and Puncha that originate in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The two streams join at Rayavaram to form the Cheyyeru which then flows for 87 km before joining the Pennar as a right bank tributary at Gundlamada in the Sidhout taluk of Cuddapah district, draining a total area of 7,325 km. The Gunjana river is a tributary of the Cheyyeru and along the Gunjana valley several paleolithic settlements have been discovered. There are several gorges on the river including one after the confluence of its headstreams and the Balarajupalle gorge. The Cheyair series of rocks in the Cudappah rock system of the Eastern Ghats, consisting largely of shales, is named after the Cheyyeru river.</p><br>
<h2>Waterworks</h2><br>
<p>The Cheyyeru project comprising the 409 metre long Annamayya earthen dam that provides irrigation facilities to its catchment zone is on this river in the Rajampet mandal of Kadapa district. The Togurpet project, also in the Kadapa district, is also on the Cheyyeru and was completed during the Fourth Five-Year Plan period. Percolation tanks have been developed on the river at Nandalur to augment irrigation facilities in Kadapa.</p><br>
<h2>Important places</h2><br>
<p>Attirala is a temple town on the Cheyyeru that is associated with several myths. It is believed that the sage Parasurama did penance for his sin of matricide here and that Likhita, the brother of the sage Sankha had his severed hands restored to him after bathing in the river. Attirala houses a Parasurama temple and temples dedicated to Gadadhara and Treteshwara. Many members of the transgender community visit Attirala to pray for their rebirth as regular human beings and to atone for their sins.</p><br>
<p>Elk Hill, also known as Harrisons Elk Hill, is a historic home located near Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. It was built between 1835 and 1839, and is a 2 1/2-story, three bay, stuccoed brick central-hall-plan house in the Greek Revival style. It has a two-story rear ell. The front facade features a one-story Tuscan order portico consisting of paired rectangular wooden pillars supporting a full entablature. Also on the property are the contributing servants quarters, tack house, and spring house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Today the property is used by a residential program for young men, called Elk Hill.</p><br>
<p>The property may be identical to one originally owned by Thomas Jefferson, known as "Elkhill" and inherited in part from his wife&#39;s family. During the American Revolutionary War, this house was occupied by Lord Cornwallis and his men for ten days, during which time they destroyed many of the crops on the farm and slaughtered many of the animals for provisions. Jefferson visited the site not long after Cornwallis left, and later recorded what he had seen in a letter to William Gordon in Paris.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bernard Complex, also known as Lightfoot&#39;s Beaverdam Plantation and Kameschatka, is a historic plantation house and farm complex located near Maidens, Goochland County, Virginia. The main dwelling was built about 1850, and consists of a central gabled pavilion is flanked by subsidiary wings. It sits on a stone foundation dating to the 18th century. The house was altered in the 1920s in the Classical Revival style. Additions in the 1920s and 1940s to the sides and rear have subsequently turned the original "T"-shaped plan into a rectangle. Also on the property are the contributing two secondary dwellings, a slave quarters / kitchen, an ice house and cool chamber, a large barn / stable, two smaller stables, a corn crib, an equipment shelter, and a well house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Ben Dover, also known as Ben Dover Farm, is a historic home and farm complex and national historic district located near Manakin-Sabot in Goochland County, Virginia, United States. The district encompasses 13 contributing buildings, 8 contributing sites, and 10 contributing structures. The main dwelling was built in 1853 as an Italianate style villa and later transformed in 1930 with a Colonial Revival facade to mask decades of deterioration and poor patchwork. Contributing buildings include tenant houses, a converted servants quarters, a garage, a number of barns and sheds, a bowling alley, a smokehouse, and a stable. Contributing structures include three water towers, two well houses, animal feeders, a chicken coop, a silo and a swimming pool. The eight sites include stone foundations or sites of buildings no longer standing. Among these sites are two ruinous barns, a bridge ruin, an old road trace, and remains of landscape terracing. They represent the evolution of the Virginia farm from the mid-19th century to the present day.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Greenville Commercial Historic District is a historic district located on two blocks of N. Main St. and E. Main Cross St. in Greenville, Kentucky. The district consists of thirteen commercial buildings, ten of which are contributing buildings. The buildings in the district are commercial buildings constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The oldest of the buildings are two Italianate buildings built in the 1870s. The district includes the First National Bank Building, a Beaux-Arts building constructed in 1901; a building at 121-123 N. Main with a metal facade and engaged columns; the Greenville Record building at 115 N. Main; Greenville&#39;s Odd Fellows hall at 103 E. Main Cross; and the Palace Theater at 121 N. Main.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The North Main Street Historic District is a historic district located along the 100 and 200 blocks of North Main Street in Greenville, Kentucky. The district includes 22 buildings, 20 of which are contributing buildings to the district&#39;s historic status. The primarily residential district is located just north of downtown Greenville. The houses within the district were mainly built in the early 20th century and designed in the Colonial Revival, Bungalow, and Queen Anne styles; an exception to this pattern is the George Short House, which was built in 1841 and is the oldest surviving house in the city. The district also includes the United Methodist Church, a Neoclassical church built in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The South Cherry Street Historic District is a historic district mainly located along the 100 block of South Cherry Street in Greenville, Kentucky. The primarily residential district, which also includes properties on several neighboring streets, contains twenty-three buildings, eighteen of which are contributing buildings to the districts historical significance. The first house in the district was built in 1842 by Jonathan Short. Short was followed by several others in the 1840s and 1850s as Cherry Street became the favored neighborhood of Greenvilles prosperous merchants. The early homes in the district were all designed in a vernacular Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>During Greenville&#39;s economic boom after 1871, more homes were built in the district; most of the newer homes were designed in the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. Two churches were constructed in the area in the 1890s: the Gothic Revival Colored Baptist Church and the Romanesque Revival Cumberland Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Three of the district&#39;s homes were built in the early 1900s as a result of a rivalry between the Duncan and Wickliffe families, who both wished to prove that they were wealthier and of higher status than the other. After the Duncan family built a Queen Anne home at 117 South Cherry in 1907, the Wickliffes constructed an $8000 Beaux-Arts house at 112 Hopkinsville Street the following year. The Duncans responded by building the $10,000 Thistle Cottage at 122 South Cherry Street, which featured decorative woodwork and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>Even more houses were built in the district between 1910 and 1930; these later additions were mainly Colonial Revival homes and bungalows. Construction in the district largely ended after 1930, however, leaving the district primarily composed of historic homes. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>117_Cherry_Street_Greenville,_Kentucky.pngThe Duncan House at 117 South Cherry Street</p><br>
<p>112_Hopkinsville_Street_Greenville,_KY.pngThe Wickliffe House at 112 Hopkinsville Street</p><br>
<p>The Baker Site is an archaeological site in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, located north of Andrew&#39;s Run and 2 mi northwest of Rochester. The site is a shell midden site dating from the Middle Archaic period. In addition to middens, the site also includes four human graves and three dog graves. A number of artifacts, including projectile points and scrapers, have been obtained from the site.</p><br>
<p>The first surveys of the site took place in 1938, when pits were dug at the site to obtain material for chicken feed. The site was named for Harry Baker, who owned the neighboring piece of land. In 1979, a state survey observed that the center of the site had been destroyed, leaving only the periphery — about 25% of the total site — comparatively undisturbed. Nevertheless, the site remains valuable, and its edges are believed to retain substantial amounts of information. Such an assessment depended partly on the surface collection performed by the 1979 survey, which recovered 55 stone tools and 44 artifacts derived from animals.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 1, 1986. It is part of the Green River Shell Middens Archeological District, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Mataguac Hill Command Post, near Yigo, Guam, has significance from 1944 during the Battle of Guam. It was the location of "the last organized resistance by the Japanese to the American liberation of Guam during World War II and therefore is considered a highlight of the invasion of Guam."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The listing&#39;s two contributing structures are two concrete bunkers built by the Japanese military early in 1944, in a small gully at a location where fresh water was present and where thick bamboo groves may have concealed the area from American military air reconnaissance and attack. The smaller bunker is 12.4 x and about 2.5 m tall. The main portion of the larger bunker, about 10 m away, is 15 x and about 4 m tall; it is L-shaped.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a command post by Japanese Lt. Gen. Hideyoshi Obata. The position was attacked on August 11, 1944 by the 306th Regiment of the 77th Infantry Division of the USA Army. "Throwing white phosphorus grenades and using pole charges and more than 400 blocks of TNT, they blew up the front of the caverns, closing them." The bunkers were opened by American engineers three days later and 60 bodies were found, including that of General Obata.</p><br>
<p>There are other abandoned concrete structures to hold water from Mataguac Spring, not far away, that were built by the USA Army Corps of Engineers, after World War II.</p><br>
<p>The Col de Manse  is a mountain pass located in the Massif des Écrins approximately 9 km north-east of Gap in the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The pass connects Gap with the high Champsaur valley and the ski resort of Orcières-Merlette. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass twice in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Refuge Napoleon</h2><br>
<p>At the summit there is a "Refuge Napoleon" — this is one of six such refuges built in the region in 1857–1858 with funds provided by Emperor Napoleon from his estate to provide shelter for travellers. Napoleon&#39;s will provided 50,000 Francs in gratitude for the welcome he had received from the local population on his return from Elba in 1815.</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>From Gap, the climb is approached via the RN85 (Route Napoléon), which it leaves shortly before the Col Bayard to join the D944. From this direction, the climb is 9.4 km long gaining 528 m in height at an average gradient of 5.6%. This is the route used in Stage 16 of the 2013 Tour de France from Vaison-la-Romaine to Gap.</p><br>
<p>From the south-east the col can be reached from the village of La Bâtie-Neuve on the RN94, from where the climb is 8.5 km long climbing 416 m at an average of 4.9%. This is the route taken on Stage 18 of the 2013 Tour de France shortly after leaving Gap en route to Alpe d&#39;Huez.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Col de Manse was first passed by the Tour de France on Stage 12 of the 1971 race when it was an uncategorized climb on the descent from Orcières-Merlette en route to Marseille. It was crossed again twice in the following year when it was ranked as a Category 3 and Category 4 climb. In 1989, it was crossed on Stage 15, which was an individual time trial between Gap and Orcières-Merlette (39 km).</p><br>
<p>On Stage 9 of the 2003 race, Joseba Beloki and Lance Armstrong were descending from the Cote de La Rochette when, after passing the Col de Manse, Beloki locked his wheel on the melting road surface, flying out of control, and falling on his head, shoulder, and hip. Armstrong, who was immediately behind Beloki, swerved off the road through a field, getting off his bike, hopping over a small embankment, and resuming the chase to the finish in Gap.</p><br>
<p>The descent was used again on Stage 16 of the 2011 race. On the ascent, Alberto Contador made two attacks, the second of which was successful, with Cadel Evans and Samuel Sánchez joining him in taking a time advantage on the stage over the other riders in contention for high placings in the general classification, and more than a minute over Andy Schleck. Andy Schleck later criticized the use of such a technically testing descent so close to the finish of a stage.</p><br>
<p>On Stage 16 of the 2015 Tour, Warren Barguil (Team Giant-Alpecin) lost control approaching a hairpin bend on the descent of the Col de Manse and collided with Geraint Thomas, causing Thomas to crash head first into a telegraph pole and fall into a ditch. However Thomas escaped serious injury, and was able to complete the stage and lost just 38 seconds to the leading group.</p><br>
<h3>Appearances in Tour de France</h3><br>
<p>Boatin Island  is the rocky island off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands extending 740 m in north-south direction and 150 m wide. It ends in the T-shaped 250 m wide Hammer Point to the north, and connected to Robert Island to the south by a 250 m long moraine tombolo. The feature was formed as a result of the retreat of Robert Island’s ice cap during the first decade of 21st century. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Boatin Island lies between Clothier Harbour and Nevestino Cove at 62&deg;20&prime;32.7&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;38&prime;55&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968.</p><br>
<p>L.L. Ivanov.. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. (Second edition 2010, )</p><br>
<p>The Dresbach-Hunt-Boyer House is a historic house located at 604 2nd Street in Davis, California. Built in the early 1870s, the house is the only extant example of a Stick style Italianate house in Davis. The houses design features wood siding, a cornice with decorative brackets, a front porch topped by a balustrade, and a three-sided bay on the right side of the front facade. William Dresbach, the homes first owner, was a wealthy local merchant who served as Davis first postmaster. Dresbach lost the house to bankruptcy in 1879, and the house passed through two owners before Frank Hunt purchased it in 1899. Hunts brother John moved into the home in 1902; after 1920, his daughter Mary Boyer owned the home until her death in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Kovach Island  is the westernmost island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The feature is rocky, extending 630 m in southwest-northeast direction and 240 m wide. It is separated from Grod Island by a 100 m wide passage. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the settlement of Kovach in Southern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Kovach Island is located 1.17 km north of Misnomer Point, 760 m southeast of Cornwall Island and 1.08 km west of Shipot Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian mapping in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>L.L. Ivanov.. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. (Second edition 2010, )</p><br>
<p>Oescus Island  is the low ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 380 m in southeast-northwest direction and 40 m wide. The feature comprises two parts connected by a spit, and is separated from Redina Island, Kovach Island and Leeve Island by passages 120 m, 160 m and 130 m wide respectively.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the ancient Roman town of Oescus in Northern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Oescus Island is located at 62&deg;21&prime;07&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;41&prime;15.5&Prime;W longitude, which is 1.42 km north of Misnomer Point and 890 m west of Shipot Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian mapping in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Churicheni Island  is the ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 230 m by 140 m. It is separated from Robert Island by a 100 m wide passage.</p><br>
<p>The feature is named after the settlement of Churicheni in Southwestern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Churicheni Island is located at 62&deg;21&prime;02.5&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;40&prime;33&Prime;W longitude, which is 1.78 km north-northeast of Misnomer Point and 190 m west of Shipot Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian mapping in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968.</p><br>
<p>L.L. Ivanov.. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. (Second edition 2010, )</p><br>
<p>Col de Sarenne  is a mountain pass located in the Grandes Rousses massif, approximately 9 km east of Alpe dHuez in the Isère department of France. The pass connects Alpe dHuez with the villages of Mizoën and Le Freney-dOisans in the Romanche valley. The road over the pass was used on Stage 18 of the 2013 Tour de France bicycle race as this loops round to enable the cyclists to climb the Alpe dHuez twice in the same stage.</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>From Alpe d&#39;Huez, the route used on the Tour de France follows an unnamed road initially, descending to 1,765 m before the final climb to the summit which is 3 km long at an average gradient of 7.8%.</p><br>
<p>From the south, the road to the pass follows the D25 from its junction with the D1091 to the east of Le Freney-d&#39;Oisans. From here, the road is 12.8 km km long, climbing 954 m at an average of 7.5%, although the first kilometre to Mizoën has a gradient of 11.5% and the maximum gradient is 13.5% at 3 km from the summit.</p><br>
<p>The passage over the summit was used in the 2013 Tour de France; following that race, German rider Tony Martin criticized the decision of the Tour de France organisers to use the pass, saying: "The road is old and narrow. It’s a bad road, no guardrails. A mistake could see you falling straight down 30 metres. It&#39;s irresponsible to send us there." Martin repeated his criticisms on the eve of the Tour de France: It’s still the same descent. … It’s quite nasty and a really dangerous descent. We’ve made a lot of comments already in the media, so I really hope the organization heard it.</p><br>
<p>In the race, the summit was crossed first by a group of four riders, led by Tejay van Garderen. On the descent, van Garderen had a technical problem with his bike, and Christophe Riblon left the road on a corner before going on to win the stage at the top of Alpe d&#39;Huez.</p><br>
<p>Rochambeau Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Manakin-Sabot, Goochland County, Virginia. The main dwelling was built about 1855, and is an "L"-shaped full two-story frame structure set on a common bond brick foundation in the Greek Revival style. It has a low hipped roof and three single story colonnade porches. Also on the property are the contributing Library , the woodshed with a three-hole privy in the rear, the old smokehouse  with attached toolshed, lumber shed, the garage, the new smoke house , a chicken house, milk cow barn , run in shed, two stall horse barn  and hay storage barn  with tack room . One contributing structure and two contributing sites include the original farm house well, the site of the old ice house and the vegetable garden containing an archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Howards Neck Plantation is a historic plantation house and farm complex located near Pemberton, Goochland County, Virginia. It was built about 1825, and is a two-story, three bay brick structure in the Federal style. The house is similar in style to the works of Robert Mills. It has a shallow deck-on-hip roof and a small, one-story academically proportioned tetrastyle Roman Doric order portico. Also on the property are the contributing one-story frame house said to be the original farm dwelling dating from colonial times, a 20th-century frame house, early-19th century brick kitchen, two frame smokehouses, a frame tool house, two early carriage houses and a harness house, three log slave quarters, the managers house, and a sizable tobacco barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Pasaleng Bay, also Paselang Bay, is a bay on the north coast of Luzon island in the Philippines. Pasaleng village is located at its head point of Ilocos Norte island in the municipality of Pagudpud which is the last of the island which borders the Cagayan Province.</p><br>
<p>Fishing studies have indicated that there are 319 species of marine organisms of 59 families in the bay, and 169 fishing boats are in operation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Pasaleng Bay is located 16 km east of the centre of Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte. It is bounded within latitudes 18°30’ to 18°40’ north and longitudes 120°51’ and 120°60’ east. It is delimited by the China Sea to the north, the Cordillera Mountains to the east, the Adams municipality to the south and the Patapat Mountains to the west. The four river systems that flow into the bay are the Pancian River, Aqua Grande River, and the Pasaleng and Balao-i drains. while Banua is nearby. The coast at Cape Bojeador trends north before it veers east towards the bay. The coastal bridge Patapat Viaduct overlooks the bay. Along the bay shore on the east, there is space for only a narrow road on the coastline.</p><br>
<p>The Patapat mountains lie between the Pasaleng bay on the east and Bangui bay to its west. while the slopes of Caraballo (Karaballo) mountains rise from the eastern shore of the bay. The Cordillera Mountains, located in the central part of the island of Luzon, also terminate at the bay.</p><br>
<p>The bay is reported to have type II climate with distinct dry and wet seasons, akin to the Cagayan Valley. The rainy season lasts for a longer period from late May to early February whereas the dry season is very limited to late February to early May.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Fishing is an important activity in the Pasaleng Bay. The three coastal barangays where fishing is carried out are the Balao-i, Pancian and Pasaleng. It is a municipal fishing ground where 169 fishing boats operate in the bay under 91 fishing units. Most of the boats are in the capacity range of below 3 GT. There are 457 fishing gears (operated by 482 fishermen) under 16 types which operate in the bay and which are of hook and line type to the extent of 75%. From 2000 to 2006 under the National Stock Assessment Project (NSAP), 319 fish species were caught including marine organisms. They belonged to 59 families. Species of Demersal species dominated the catch with 64% of the total catch; the pelagic species contributed the rest. It consisted of 30 families of fish, 3 families of shark/rays, and 6 families of invertebrates. Specific species caught were squids, lobsters, crabs and Ranina ranina, the red frog crab. The dominant families in the order of the species that they represent are Carangidae (32 species), Serranidae (28 species), Lutjanidae (26 species), Nemipteridae (18 species), Scombridae (17 species fol owed by other families each having 15 species. The pelagic species were the most dominant in terms of catch and these in the order of their importance are Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack), Selar crumenopthalmus and Auxis thazard. Among the various gears used for fishing the maximum yield was from Baby ring net, while the maximum number of species caught is credited to speargun.</p><br>
<h2>Whale watching</h2><br>
<p>Humpback whales migrate from the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean to the warmer waters of the bay. They are regular visitors to the bay during Holy Week. Local people mention whales in their folk songs, though more so as a sighting of a ghost. They believe that their appearance ushers in a good fish catch which benefits the community. Whale watching at Pasaleng Bay is also a draw for tourists and conservationists.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>Above the Pasaleng Bay, near the Mairaira Promontory between Kagayan and Hokos Norte at the foot of the Calvario Mountain there are two stone images one of an old man and the other of a woman. The place is known locally as Nagsapalan. The practice followed by sailors crossing in front of these statues is to offer a basket coconut shell filled with food and tobacco as they believe that it has spiritual powers and protects them while passing through the turbulent waters of the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing industry</h2><br>
<p>A six-year study of the fishing industry in Pasaleng Bay has been carried out during the period from 2000 to 2005 under the National Stock Assessment Project (NSAP) in the 16 coastal barangays of the municipality. The monitoring studies have indicated that there are 319 species of marine organisms of 59 families, 169 fishing boat (50% are fitted with engines) operate 457 fishing gears of 16 types and the three dominant catches in the descending order of their catch are Skipjack, Selar crumenopthalmus and Auxis thazard.</p><br>
<p>The Dover Slave Quarter Complex is a set of five historic structures located on Brookview Farm near Manakin-Sabot, Goochland County, Virginia. They were built as one-story, two unit, brick structures with steep gable roofs. They are arranged in a wide arc, measuring 360 feet in length. The center dwelling had a frame second-story added and its brick walls covered by siding when it was converted to an overseer&#39;s house. It has a recent rear addition. In addition to the center dwelling, one of the slave dwellings serves as the farm office, one serves as a woodworking shop and the remaining two are used for storage. Also on the farm are the contributing two early 20th-century farm structures, one of which is an impressively long dairy barn, two tenant houses, silos, and storage buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Virgil Cox House is a historic home located at Galax, Virginia. It was built about 1913, and is a large 2 1/2-story frame dwelling with Queen Anne and Colonial Revival style design elements. It has a complex exterior presentation, complex roof plan, and an equally complex floor</p><br>
<p>plan. The house is sheathed in German siding and features irregular, front-gable projections on the facade and north side; a projection with a polygonal bay on the southwest corner, a gable-roof dormer on the facade; and a small, upper balcony on the facade with attenuated Tuscan columns and pilasters. Also on the property are a contributing boxwood garden and outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
